Book Series (1):
Marshall, S. and Kinuthia, W. (Series Editors) (2008 – present). Educational Design and Technology in the Knowledge Society. IAP – Information Age Publishing Inc, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Books (13):
Kinuthia, W. and Marshall, S. (eds.) (2013). On the Move: Mobile Learning for Development. Volume 4 of the book series Marshall, S. and Kinuthia, W. (Series Editors). Educational Design and Technology in the Knowledge Society. IAP – Information Age Publishing Inc, Charlotte, NC, USA.
McGreal, R., Kinuthia, W., Marshall, S. and McNamara, T. (eds.) (2013). Perspectives on Open and Distance Learning: Open Educational Resources: Innovation, Research and Practice. Published jointly by the Commonwealth of Learning and Athabasca University, Canada.
Kinuthia, W. and Marshall, S. (eds.) (2010). Research Cases in Educational Technology: Global Examples for Development. Volume 3 of the book series Marshall, S. and Kinuthia, W. (Series Editors). Educational Design and Technology in the Knowledge Society. IAP – Information Age Publishing Inc, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Kinuthia, W. and Marshall, S. (eds.) (2010). Cases’n’Places: Global Cases in Educational and Performance Technology. Volume 2 of the book series Marshall, S. and Kinuthia, W. (Series Editors). Educational Design and Technology in the Knowledge Society. IAP – Information Age Publishing Inc, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Marshall, S., Kinuthia, W. and Taylor, W. (eds.) (2009). Bridging the knowledge divide: Educational technology for development. Volume 1 of the book series Marshall, S. and Kinuthia, W. (Series Editors). Educational Design and Technology in the Knowledge Society. IAP – Information Age Publishing Inc, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Marshall, S., Brandon, E., Thomas, M., Kanwar, A. and Lyngra, T (eds.) (2008). Foreign Providers in the Caribbean: Pillagers or Preceptors? Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver, Canada. http://oasis.col.org/handle/11599/58
Marshall, S., Taylor, W. and Yu, X. (eds.) (2005). Encyclopedia of Developing Regional Communities with Information and Communication Technology. Idea Group Reference, London. ISBN: 1591405750. . http://www.igi-pub.com/encyclopedia/details.asp?id=4460
Marshall, S., Taylor, W. and Yu, X. (eds.) (2004). Using Community Informatics to Transform Regions. Idea Group Publishing, London. ISBN: 1591401321. http://www.igi-pub.com/books/details.asp?id=4146
Marshall, S. and Taylor, W. (eds.) (2003). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on IT in Regional Areas (ITiRA). Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton, Australia. ISBN: 1876674679.
Marshall, S., Taylor, W. and Yu, X. (eds.) (2003). Closing the Digital Divide: Transforming Regional Economies and Communities with Information Technology. Greenwood Publishing, Westport CT, USA. ISBN: 1567206026. http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/Q602.aspx
Marshall, S., Taylor, W. and Macpherson, C. (eds.) (2002). Proceedings of IT in Regional Areas Conference 2002 – Using IT: Make IT happen. Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton, Australia. ISBN: 186674423.
Marshall, S., Taylor, W. and Yu, X. (eds.) (2001). Proceedings of IT in Regional Areas Conference: Using informatics to transform regions. Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton, Australia. ISBN: 187667427.
Marshall, S. and Williams, N. (1986). Exercises in Teaching Communication. Kogan Page, London. ASIN: 1850910553.
Theses (2):
Marshall, S. (2004). Exploring Change: The creation of a hypermedia ethnography for the presentation and ‘re-presentation’ of research on distance education in Swaziland. PhD Thesis, Central Queensland University, Australia.
Marshall, S. (1973). Fregean Categorial Grammar and the Logical Syntax of Natural Language. M.Phil Thesis. University of Leeds, UK.
Journal:
Marshall, S. and Taylor, W. (eds.) (2005-2015). International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), Volumes 1-11.
Chapters in books (16):
Chandra, R., Thurab-Nkhosi, D. and Marshall, S. (2011). “QA in ODL institutions in the South Pacific and West Indies.” In Insung, J., Latchem, C. and Tait, A. (eds.) Quality Assurance in Distance Education and E-learning.
Marshall, S. and Kinuthia, W. (2010). “‘Rope Een’: An Attempt to Increase Civic Participation in Governance Using ICT”. In Papanikos, G.T. and Pappas, N. (eds.) Horizons in Education. Atiner.
Marshall, S., Masino, M. and Grant-Fraser, E. (2010). “Chapter 6. Processes of Course Design and Delivery using OER”. In Rennie, F. and Weller, M. (eds.) Open to All: Designing digital courses using Open Educational Resources. Blurb.com Publishers.
Marshall, S. and Gregor, S. (2008). “Transforming universities in the online world”. In P. L. Rogers, G. A. Berg, J. V. Boettecher, C. Howard, L. Justice, K. D. Schenk (eds) Encyclopedia of Distance Learning. Idea Group Reference, Hershey, PA, USA, 2135-2140. http://www.igi-global.com/reference/details.asp?ID=9703
Marshall, S. (2008). “Concluding remarks: The global and the local”. In Marshall, S., Brandon, E., Thomas, M., Kanwar, A. and Lyngra, T (eds.). External providers of tertiary education in the English-speaking Caribbean. Commmonwealth of Learning, Vancouver, Canada.
Marshall, S. and Marrett, C. (2008). “External providers of tertiary education in the Commonwealth Caribbean”. In Marshall, S., Brandon, E., Thomas, M., Kanwar, A. and Lyngra, T (eds.). External providers of tertiary education in the English-speaking Caribbean. Commmonwealth of Learning, Vancouver, Canada.
Thurab-Nkhosi, D. and Marshall, S. (2006). “Defining a quality assurance tool for web-based course development and delivery at The University of the West Indies Distance Education Centre”. In B. Khoul and A. Kanwar (eds) Quality Assurance in Open Distance Education: Towards a Culture of Quality (COL Perspective Series). Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver, Canada.
Marshall, S. and Gregor, S. (2005). “Transforming universities in the online world”. In C. Howard, J.V. Boettcher, L. Justice, K. Schenk, P.L. Rogers and G.A. Berg (eds) Encyclopedia of Distance Learning. Idea Group Reference, Hershey, PA, USA, 1892-1897.
Taylor, W., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2005). “Using ICT to Enable Emancipatory Learning”. In C. Howard, J.V. Boettcher, L. Justice, K. Schenk, P.L. Rogers and G.A. Berg (eds) Encyclopedia of Distance Learning. Idea Group Reference, Hershey, PA, USA, 1952-1957.
Taylor, W. and Marshall, S. (2004). “Community Informatics Systems: A meeting place for useful research”. In P. Day & D. Schuler (eds) Community Practice in the Network Society. Routledge, London, 200-212.
Taylor, W., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Community Informatics – Enabling Emancipatory Learning”. In T. McGill (ed.) Current Issues in IT Education. IRM Press, Hershey, PA, USA, 367-375.
Marshall, S. and Gregor, S. (2002). “Distance education in the online world: Implications for higher education”. In M. Khosrow-Pour (ed.), Web-based instructional learning. IRM Press, Hershey, PA, USA, 110-124.
Marshall, S. and Gregor, S. (2002). “Distance education in the online world: Implications for higher education”. In R. Discenza, C. Howard & K.D. Schenk (eds.) The Design and Management of Effective Distance Learning Programs. Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, PA, USA, 21-36.
Hanley, N. and Marshall, S. (2000). “Lions and Merlions: Critical reflections on the introduction of new technologies in higher education in Swaziland and Singapore”. In T. Evans & D. Nation (eds.) Changing University Teaching: Reflections on creating educational technologies. Kogan Page, London, 109-120.
Marshall, S. (1988). “Simulations for learning about communication”. In D. Crookall and D. Saunders (eds.) Communication and Simulation: from two fields to one theme. Multilingual Matters. 191-200.
Marshall, S. (1981). “An integrated case study approach to teaching communication skills” in B. Hollinshead and M. Yorke (eds.) Perspectives on Academic Gaming and Simulation 6. Kogan Page, London, 167-175.
Refereed journal articles (35):
Marshall, S., Kinuthia, W., and Richards, G. (2012) “Open content for elearning: Cross-institutional collaboration for education and training in a digital environment”. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 8:3.
Rapetti, E and Marshall, S. (2010). “Observing ICTs in learners’ experiences around the world”. QWERTY, 5(2), 61-88. http://www.box.net/shared/jrlefv705hbm3ayet6oa
Taylor, W., Marshall, S. and Amiri, S. (2010). The e-volution of the i-society in the delivery of e-government. AI & Society, 25(3) August. http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s00146-010-0288-0
Marshall, S. (2009). “Crossing the knowledge divide: ICT and distance education in development”. Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) Report, distributed at CHOGM in Trinidad and Tobago in November 27-29. http://www.chogm2009.org
Thurab-Nkhosi, D. and Marshall, S. (2009). “Quality Management in Course Development and Delivery at the University of the West Indies Distance Education Centre” Quality Assurance in Education vol:17 iss:3.
Marshall, S. and Taylor, W. (2005). Facilitating the use of ICT for community development through collaborative partnerships between universities, governments and communities”. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 1:I, 5-12.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2004). “Adoption of online purchasing in communities, and its scio-economic implications in regional Central Queensland, Australia”. Australasian Journal of Information Systems 11(2). 80-94. ISSN 1039-7841.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Home Internet adoption – An analysis of factors affecting non adoption in Central Queensland, Australia”. IADIS International Journal of WWW/Internet. 1:2, 76-90.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Socio-economic factors affecting home internet usage patterns in Central Queensland”. Informing Science. 6, 233-246.
Gregor, S., Wassenaar, A. and Marshall, S. (2002). “Developing a virtual organization: Serendipity or strategy?” Asian Academy of Management. 7:1, 1-19.
Taylor, W. and Marshall, S. (2002). “Collaboration: The key to establishing community
networks in regional Australia”. Informing Science. 5, 155-162. http://inform.nu/Articles/Vol5/v5n3p155-162.pdf.
Marshall, S. and Gilmour, M. (1992). “Lexical knowledge and reading comprehension in Papua New Guinea”. English for Specific Purposes. 11:3.
Marshall, S., Gilmour, M. and Lewis, D. (1992). “Lexical Knowledge and Mathematics Education in Science and Technology in Papua New Guinea”. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. 23:2, 211-218.
Marshall, S. (1991). “A genre-based approach to the teaching of report-writing”. English for Specific Purposes. 10:1, 3-13.
Marshall, S. (1991). “Computer Analysis and Feedback for Group Problem-solving Exercises”. Simulation/Games for Learning. 21:3, 242-249.
Marshall, S. (1991). “Traditional and Modern Engineering in Papua New Guinea: a model for making the transition”. AEESEAP Journal of Engineering Education. 21:1, 5-9.
Marshall, S., Gilmour, M. & Lewis, D. (1991). “Words that matter in science and technology: a study of Papua New Guinean students’ comprehension of non-technical words used in science and technology”. Research in Science and Technological Education. 9:1, 5-14.
Marshall, S. & Pemberton, R. (1991). “Problem-solving for Secretaries”. Simulation/Games for Learning. 21:1, 31-42.
Marshall, S. & Gilmour, M. (1990). “Students’ comprehension of non-technical words used in science”. TESLA. 2.
Marshall, S. & Gilmour, M. (1990). “Problematical Words and Concepts in Physics Education: a study of Papua New Guinean students’ comprehension of non-technical words used in physics”. Physics Education. 25:4.
Marshall, S. & Gilmour, M. (1989). “Developing problem solving thinking in physics education – experience from Papua New Guinea”. Physics Education. 24:2, 22-25.
Marshall, S. (1988). “A bridge between cultures: solving problems in engineering education in Papua New Guinea”. International Journal of Applied Engineering Education. 4:2, 141-144.
Marshall, S. (1988). “Problem-solving and product development in engineering education”. European Journal of Engineering Education. 13:3, 331-339.
Marshall, S., Gilmour, M. & Bailey, J. (1988). “Adapting games and simulations for different cultures and different educational aims”. Simulation/Games for Learning. 18:3, 188-196.
Marshall, S. (1987). “EVAL: an expert system for evaluating written reports”. International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education. 24, 23-31.
Marshall, S. (1987). “The education of professional engineers in Papua New Guinea”. Journal of Engineering Education in Southeast Asia. 17:2, 38-43.
Marshall, S. & Barron, C. (1987). “MARC: methodological assessment of reports by computer”. System. 15:2, 161-167.
Marshall, S. (1986). “The intelligent assistant: the role of artificial intelligence in teaching”. Higher Education Research and Development. 5:2, 201-211.
Marshall, S. (1985). “Computer assisted feedback on written reports”. Computers and Education. 9:4, 213-219.
Marshall, S. (1983). “Computer aided instruction in linguistic analysis”. Computers and Education. 7, 25-31.
Marshall, S. (1982b). “Relevance and motivation in communication studies courses for engineering students”. European Journal of Engineering Education. 7, 201-209.
Marshall, S. & Blanchard, B. (1982). “A video project on an engineering course?” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education. 10:3, 169-176.
Marshall, S., Ellington, H., Addinall, E. & Percival, F. (1982). “Developing communication skills using simulation/gaming techniques”. Simulation/Games for Learning. 12:2, 61-69.
Marshall, S. (1981). “Communication studies: an alternative programme”. International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education. 18:4, 293-300.
Marshall, S. (1981). “Communication studies and the extended power station game”. Physics Education. 16, 347-351.
Blanchard, B. & Marshall, S. (1980). “A case study in industrial and communication skills”. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education. 8:3, 133-138.
Invited editorials, keynotes and refereed conference papers (39):
Marshall, S., 2012. “Open access for development: A tale of two journals”. The Journal of Pedagogic Development, Volume 2 Issue 3, Autumn 2012. http://www.beds.ac.uk/learning/support/jpd
Marshall, S., Kinuthia, W. & Richards, G. (2012). “Open Content for eLearning: A Cross-Institutional Collaboration Case Study for Education and Training in a Digital Environment”. Presented at SCECSAL XXth Conference hosted by KLA on 4th-8th June 2012, Nairobi, Kenya.
Richards, G., Marshall, S., Elias, T., Quirk, D., Ives, C. & Siemens, G. “Developing University Courses with OERs”. In Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2010 (pp. 1069-1073). Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
Richards, G., Marshall, S., and Ives, C. (2010) “The Pragmatics of Open: Developing University Courses with OERs”. Presented at EdMedia, in Canada.
Marshall, S. & Kinuthia, W. (2009). “‘Rope een’: An Attempt to Increase Civic Participation in Governance Using ICT”. Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Conference on Education, Athens, Greece, 25-28 May. Details at: http://www.atiner.gr/docs/BOOK_PUBLICATIONS.htm
Marshall, S. (2005). “Financing tertiary education: Distance education mechanisms for income diversification”. Invited paper presented to the Symposium on Financing Tertiary Education in the Anglophone Caribbean. Hosted by The University of the West Indies (UWI) and the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) at UWI Cave Hill Campus, Barbados, 21‑22 November.
Marshall, S. (2005). “Bringing tertiary and university education to Caribbean island communities: A collaborative development role for community informatics”. Invited paper presented at CIRN 2005 Conference ‘Building partnerships for the Information Society’ (http://www.cirn2005.org), Cape Town, South Africa, 24-26 August.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. & Marshall, S. (2003). “Adoption of online purchasing in regional communities in Central Queensland, Australia”. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on IT in Regional Areas (ITiRA) 2003. Caloundra, Queensland, Australia, 15-17 December.
Zhu, G., Taylor, W., Marshall, S. & Dekkers, J. (2003). “Why don’t these people connect to the internet at home? Analysing the internal barriers causing digital divide in Central Queensland, Australia”. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on IT in Regional Areas (ITiRA) 2003. Caloundra, Queensland, Australia, 15-17 December.
Marshall, S., Dekkers, J. and Taylor, W. (2003). “Collaboration in the Digital Era: The vanishing distinction between the on-campus and off-campus student, and the emergence of the ‘glocal student’”. 17th AAOU Annual Conference: Networking and Partnership for Strengthening Collaboration in Open and Distance Education. Thailand, November.
Marshall, S. (2003). “Values and Visions: Developing a virtual organization for international education”. Keynote Address for the ISANA 14th International Education Association Annual Conference. Hosted by Central Queensland University at Capricorn Resort, Queensland, Australia, 8-10 October. http://www.icms.com.au/isana2003/Highlights.asp.
Marshall, S. (2003). “Virtualization and sustainable development: Universities and their communities in the knowledge society”. Invited Plenary Paper for The 3rd International Conference on Information Technology in Asia (CITA’03). Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, 17-18 July.
Taylor, W. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Community Informatics Systems: A construct for addressing the digital divide”. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technology in Asia (CITA’03). Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, 17-18 July.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Addressing home adoption of ICT in the age of globalisation in communities in Central Queensland”. 36th World Congress of the International Institute of Sociology: Social change in the age of globalisation. Beijing, China, 7-11 July.
Taylor, W. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Establishing a Community Informatics approach in a regional setting”. 2nd Biennial Insideout Conference – Charting Uncertainty: Capital, Community, and Citizenship. University of Queensland, Ipswich Campus, 3-5 July.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Factors affecting home Internet use in Central Queensland”. Proceedings of the Informing Science and IT Education (InSITE) Conference. Pori, Finland, 24-27 June. http://is2003.org/.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Socio economic factors affecting home Internet usage patterns in Central Queensland”. Proceedings of the Informing Science and IT Education (InSITE) Conference. Pori, Finland, 24-27 June. Winner of Best Paper Award. http://is2003.org/.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers J. and Marshall S. (2003). “Changing use of Internet technologies from homes in Central Queensland – 1999 – 2002”. 11th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS): New Paradigms in Organizations, Markets and Society, Naples, Italy, 16-21 June.
Taylor, W. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Developing a digital community in Central Queensland, Australia”. Digital Communities 2003: Organising in a Networked World. Stockholm, Sweden, 15-18 June.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers J. and Marshall S. (2003). “Development of e-commerce in regional communities in CQ, Australia”. 16th Bled eCommerce Conference: eTransformation, Bled, Slovenia, 9 – 11 June.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers J. and Marshall S. (2003). “Demographic and socio economic factors affecting home Internet usage patterns in Central Queensland”. Fourth Annual Global Information Technology Management (GITM) World Conference, Calgary, Canada, 8-10 June.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2003). “Factors affecting the home adoption of ICT by non-adopters in Central Queensland, Australia”. Proceedings of IADIS International e-Society 2003 Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 3-6 June.
Taylor, W., Zhu, G., Dekkers, J. and Marshall, S. (2003). Changing use of Internet technologies from homes in Central Queensland – 1999 – 2002. Proceedings E-Nation Symposium, University of Technology Sydney 23-24 April.
Day, P., Taylor, W. & Marshall, S. (2002). “Community network analysis – bridging practice, research and policy in the network society”. In M.Gurstein and S.Finqueleivich (Eds) Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Community Informatics: Miniconference on Community Informatics/Community Networking. Montreal, Canada, October 8, 2002. ISBN: 0-9740611-0-7.
Taylor, W., Day, P. & Marshall, S. (2002). “Towards a Framework for Community Informatics Practice and Research”. In M. Gurstein and S. Finqueleivich (Eds) Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Community Informatics: Miniconference on Community Informatics/Community Networking. Montreal, Canada, 8 October, 2002. ISBN: 0-9740611-0-7.
Marshall, S., Dekkers, J. & Taylor, W. (2002). “Partnerships across boundaries: A ‘glocal’ model for higher education in a borderless world”. EDU-COM 2002 – Higher Education without Borders: Sustainable Development in Higher Education. Thailand, November.
Taylor, W. & Marshall, S. (2002). “Collaboration: the Key to Establishing Community
Networks in Regional Australia”. Proceedings of the Informing Science + IT Education Conference http://ecommerce.lebow.drexel.edu/eli/2002Proceedings/toc.htm
Taylor, W., Dekkers, J., Marshall, S. & Lloyd, S. (2002). “Attitude and Behaviour of seniors to adoption of Internet technologies for learning and social capital in Central Queensland”. Proceedings of the 2nd International Life Long Learning Conference 2002: Building Learning Communities through Education. Rockhampton, Australia: Central Queensland University Press.
Gregor, S., Wassenaar, A. & Marshall, S. (2002). “Developing a virtual organization: Serendipity or strategy?” Winner of the “Best Paper” award at the Asian Academy of Management (AAM) Conference, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, November.
Taylor, W. & Marshall, S. (2001). “The challenge of collaboration for establishing community networks in regional Australia”. Second World Congress of Citizens Networks: Global CN 2001. Buenos Aires, 5-7 December.
Marshall, S. (2001). “Faculty level strategies in response to globalisation”. Keynote Address for Globalisation and Tertiary Education: Impacts, Responses and Implications for the 21st Century, the 12th annual international conference of the Australian Association for Institutional Research (AAIR), hosted at Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia, 3-5 September. http://www.aair.org.au/jir/2001Papers/Marshall.pdf.
Gregor, S. & Marshall, S. (1999). The online world: Implications for structure and process in industry. Keynote Address for the conference E-Agenda: Building the E-Commerce Business Case organised by the National Office for the Information Economy (NOIE), Melbourne, 17-18 November.
Hanley, N. & Marshall, S. (1995). “Public service programming in Australia: background, present status and future prospects”. Keynote Address for the Conference on the Impact of the Changing Media Environment on Public Service Programming in Asia. Seoul, Korea, September.
Goeman, R., Hanley, N. & Marshall, S. (1995). “Investigating satellite broadcasting: thinking and measuring social and cultural impacts”. Australian and New Zealand Communication Association Conference. Perth, July.
Marshall, S. (1994). “The social and cultural impact of transnational television broadcasting in the Asia-Pacific region”. Keynote Address for the Conference on The Impact of Television in the Asia-Pacific Region. Jakarta, December.
Mase, M. & Marshall, S. (1994). “Language choice and social networks”. Seventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Leiden, August.
Marshall, S. (1989). “Understanding and misunderstanding in science: students’ comprehension of non-technical words used in science”. HERDSA Fifteenth Annual Conference. Adelaide, Australia, July.
Marshall, S. (1987). “Computer assisted feedback on structured assignments”. HERDSA Thirteenth Annual Conference. Perth, Australia, August.
Marshall, S. & Walsh, R. (1987). “Teacher training for tertiary teachers in Papua New Guinea”. HERDSA Thirteenth Annual Conference. Singapore, August.
Marshall, S. (1980). “Games in communication studies”. SAGSET Conference. Manchester Polytechnic, England. September.
